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药物反应

同一种药物的效果因人而异，可能对某些人有效，也可能让某些人产生不良反应。20% 到 95% 的患者变异性是属于遗传性的。研究人员已经确定了多种药物代谢酶和药物靶标（例如受体）的遗传多态性。因此，您务必了解自己对常见药物的敏感性，以避免不幸事件。

为何一些人可能对某种药物产生不同的反应？我们基因其中一个功能时储存制造如酶等蛋白质的指示。这些酶负责分解体内的药物，分解和清楚药物的速度因人而异，这导致不一样的效果。


通过HelloDNA的基因检测，您可知晓：

您是否可能对处方药物有不良反应。我们将分析您的基因，让您知道您是否对一系列适用于不同疾病的药物过敏。

• 更为安全的替代药物

医生可通过这些资讯，向您建议最安全和最有效的药物及剂量。

免疫健康

人体的免疫系统保护您免受病毒、细菌和其它有害物质的侵害。伦敦国王学院的一项研究显示近四分之三的免疫特征是由基因决定的。虽然基因造就了不同人有不同的免疫反应，但可喜的是我们能通过调整后天因素，如饮食、生活方式、处理压力的方式，改善先天不够强的免疫系统。

先天加上后天的因素导致人们在面对2019冠状病毒病时，有不同的反应。有些病人无症状，有些需要入院，甚至最终死亡。

基因上的不同导致人们对2019冠状病毒病有不同的敏感性及严重反应。您是否更容易患上2019冠状病毒病和病情恶化的几率取决于您的风险等位基因。

癌症+

事实上，不管多致命的癌症都可被避免。有时通过基因检测就能确认您是否带有某些癌症的风险。

5% 到 10% 的癌症病例是基于基因突变。这代表病人从父母那里遗传到某种基因缺陷。科学家在多达 50 多种遗传性癌症综合征中发现遗传关系。

好莱坞明星安吉丽娜·朱莉的DNA带有BRCA基因突变，使她罹患乳癌和卵巢癌的风险高达87%和50%。因此她进行了双乳切除手术，以预防乳腺癌和卵巢癌。

通过了解您的基因，您在医药上将有更多选择，可以调节或消除未来的健康风险。

HelloDNA的基因检测可让您知晓：

• 您的基因所携带的风险

确认您的基因是否携带某些严重疾病的风险。我们会分析您是否有患上这些疾病的可能性。

• 专业的意见和说明

我们专业尽责的医药团队将针对每一个风险和有关的基因提供详细的解释，并引导您如何降低或消除这些风险。

• 个性化医疗保健

您可提早实施个性化医疗保健，改善并延长您的寿命。

健康与营养 – 身心健康

我们无法制止老化过程，也无法移除我们DNA中的某些特征，但我们可以通过科学方式将老化过程延迟，进而改善我们整体的生活。

深入了解您的DNA，包括您的老化过程、炎症反应和肥胖症风险。我们将与您在健康的道路上，携手减轻风险、避免疾病以及改善您的整体生活。

HelloDNA的基因检测提供以下的深度报告：

i. 炎症反应

ii. 长寿

iii. 肥胖

iv. 肥胖（儿童期发病）

健康与营养 – 营养需求

吃得健康很重要，但吃对的食物更重要。因为我们独特的基因，每个人的营养需求和吸收这些营养的能力也不一样。

若您了解自己的营养需求，您将了解并能设法满足每日所需的需求，这包括营养、维他命和矿物质。有了这些资讯，您能和营养师合作制定营养均衡的饮食，以填补你缺少的营养，并每日观察您的营养所需。

HelloDNA的基因检测提供一下16种营养的深度报告：

i. 脂联素

ii. 抗氧化剂

iii. 钙

iv. 胡萝卜素

v. 辅酶Q10

vi. 叶酸

vii. 铁

viii. 欧米伽-3和欧米伽-6脂肪酸

ix. 硒

x. 维生素A

xi. 维生素 B12

xi. 维生素 B2

xiii. 维生素 B6

xiv. 维生素 C

xv. 维生素D

xvi. 维生素E

健康与营养 – 代谢

新城代谢指的是人体将食物转换成能量，通过细胞运送，分解碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪，同时排出代谢废物。

人体代谢碳水化合物等物质的过程足以影响一人患有高血糖的风险。若新陈代谢不够完善，患有肥胖症和2型糖尿病的几率也会提高。一些有关家庭的研究表明，2型糖尿病具有高度遗传性，平均遗传率为25%。

通过HelloDNA的基因检测了解您这方面的风险。

i. 碳水化合物

ii. 解毒能力

iii. 同型半胱氨酸代谢

iv. 类固醇激素

健康与营养 – 脂质

一个人患有和脂质有关的疾病的风险取决于其生活方式与饮食。在一些罕见的情况下，基因也是一个因素。

这里指的是家族性脂质疾病，患上这种遗传疾病的年轻人，就算实行健康的饮食或生活方式，也会有高胆固醇，从而患上冠状动脉疾病

每200到500人之间就有一人有家族性高膽固醇血症。任何人只要拥有1,500种基因变异中其中一种，就有50%的几率将该基因传给下一代。

通过HelloDNA的基因检测了解您的基因是否携带以下这些疾病的风险。

i. 血脂异常

ii. 脂肪敏感性

iii. 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇

iv. 高甘油三酯血症

v. 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇

vi. 多元不饱和脂肪酸

vii. 总胆固醇

健康与营养 – 内分泌

内分泌系统制造不同激素，通过血液将它们运送至人体各处。这些激素调节一个人一生中的所有生物过程，包括成长、新陈代谢、发展、生殖和血糖。

多发性内分泌肿瘤 1、2 和 3 型是可能会增加或降低内分泌激素水平的遗传性疾病。这些遗传状况可能是内分泌疾病的原因，并会影响垂体、甲状腺、甲状旁腺、肾上腺和胰腺。

通过HelloDNA的基因检测了解您是否有以下内分泌疾病的潜在风险。

i. 妊娠期糖尿病

ii. 格雷夫斯病（甲亢）

iii. 高血糖（高血糖症）

iv. 甲状腺功能减退症

v. 多囊卵巢综合征

vi. 1型糖尿病

vii. 2型糖尿病

运动与健身

这世上没有适合所有人的完美运动方式。同样的锻炼方式可能带给不同人不同的效果。这和一个人的体质、力气和运动能力有关，这些某种程度上取决于您的基因。

到目前为止，科学家已经展开关于 ACTN3 和 ACE 基因如何提高运动表现的研究。 ACTN3基因有助于创造强大的肌肉收缩，从而增加一个人的力量。这两个基因都与运动力量和耐力有关，因为它们影响着构成肌肉的纤维类型。

也就是说同样的运动模式对有运动天赋的人比较有效。但就算您不是天赋异禀的人，您不妨进行以下这一系列基因检测，以更充分地了解如何可以更有效地达到您的健身目标，而不是在健身房挥汗如雨，却达不到您要的效果。您也可通过检测了解可能会有的伤害类型。

i. 前交叉韧带断裂

ii. 运动耐力表现

iii. 能量利用

iv. 运动力量表现

v. 软组织损伤

vi. 最大摄氧量

性格特质 – 社交

为什么有些人外向，有些人内向？为什么有些人乐观，有些人却悲观？这或许和我们的基因有关系。研究显示大约有25%的乐观情绪是由基因决定的。

是先天还是后天因素？基因可以决定您的社交特质，却不完全定义您的人格。您的想法决定您的人生。外在因素，如环境和文化，可塑造一个人的性格特质。一个人可惜学习并加强正面的社交品质，如同理心、正面思考、善于助人和擅长交际等。

通过了解您的基因，您将明白您在社交上的弱点，并作出正面的改变，建立社交关系，成为更快乐和成功的人。

通过HelloDNA的基因检测了解您在以下这方面的意向：

i. 外向性

ii. 乐观与共情

iii. 正向情感

性格特质 – 睡眠

睡眠是人类重要的活动，占据了我们一天三分之一的时间。在这过程中，人体和大脑可进行不同功能，例如修复、学习、记忆、新陈代谢和免疫。

一个人的睡眠品质、深度和时间和他/她的健康、生活品质、工作表现以及心理状态有直接的关系。短睡眠时间被指和死亡风险有关，同时可能导致心血管或脑血管疾病、肥胖症、糖尿病、癌症和忧郁症。

加州大学旧金山分校神经学家傅嫈惠领导的研究人员表示，一个人的基因可能会影响他所需的睡眠时间。正常人每晚需要 8 到 8.5 个小时的睡眠，而一名母亲和她的女儿只需要 5 到 6 个小时的睡眠。正如发表在《科学》期刊上的研究所述，她们拥有一种罕见的突变。

今天就分析您的基因，以了解您的睡眠模式，改善您的睡眠环境和习惯。HelloDNA的基因检测包含以下：

i. 失眠症

ii. 早起的人

iii. 睡眠深度

vi. 睡眠时间

v. 睡眠潜伏时间

vi. 睡眠质量

性格特质 – 创意

您再也无需为自己缺少一些特定才能而感到怪罪或苛求自己。或许您不擅长与创意有关的事物，如唱歌、跳舞或写作。这或许与您的基因有关。同样的，若您在这方面不够自信，基因检测能确认您是否有这方面的天赋，进而让您更有自信。您甚至会因此发现之前没察觉到的才能。

近日，科学研究显示一个人30%的作曲和演奏音乐的能力由其基因决定。今天就通过HelloDNA的基因检测，深入地了解您创意的一面。我们的检测包括：

i. 绝对音感

ii. 音乐创造力

iii. 一般创造力

性格特质 – 认知

这关系到一个人的智慧、记忆力、学习能力、判断力，还有处理知识和学习语文的能力。

以其反复实验，依靠经验甚至是直觉来找到自己的强项，何不利用科学找到答案？研究发现，基因在很大程度上影响了一个人的认知能力，因为大约一半的一般认知差异归因于遗传差异。此外，基因对塑造一个人的注意力、工作记忆和陈述性记忆也有一定的影响。

通过分析您的基因，您可找到自己的强项、潜在的才能，以施展您所有的潜能。

今天就进行HelloDNA的基因检测，了解您在以下这些能力的认知特征：

i. 记忆能力

ii. 情商

iii. 一般认知能力

iv. 信息处理能力

v. 智商

vi. 学习能力

vii. 语言能力

viii. 记忆技能

ix. 阅读和拼写

x. 言语和数字推理

性格特质 – 行为

一个人的性格指的是足以定义他/她的特征或品质。

这关乎 他/她如何思考，感受和表现。因此，每个人的性格都是独一无二的。这和一个人的生理和心理状态有直接关系。

可能您不晓得一个人的行为可能导致他/她的

比如，一个人的成瘾人格可能导致他/她对食物上瘾，从而衍生出肥胖症或心血管疾病，而一个追求及时满足的人可能会滥用药物。

行为是可塑性的，但基因也扮演了重要的角色。科学家估计介于20%和60%的性情是由基因决定的。他们发现了最求及时满足的个性和GPM6B基因变异有关。另一项研究显示MC4R的遗传变异会导致该基因“丧失功能”，就算在进食后仍然有饥饿感。

通过HelloDNA的基因检测深入了解你的人格。我们提供以下这些方面的资料：

i. 压力应对能力

ii. 成瘾性格

iii. 食欲调节

iv. 食物成瘾

v. 避免伤害行为

vi. 即时满足

vii. 晕动病

viii. 疼痛耐受力

ix. 不宁腿综合征

x. 奖励依赖

xi. 敏感型人格

xii. 爱吃甜食

神经系统健康

神经系统健康关系到您的大脑及体内的神经和脊髓。神经症状障碍症的原因是因为这些部分存有结构性、生化及心电活动方面的异常。

神经系统受影响的部分和严重程度决定一个人的沟通、视觉、听觉、动作和认知受损的程度。

阿尔茨海默病是痴呆最常见的原因，其中不到 10% 的病例属于遗传性，即家族性阿尔茨海默病。如果家族里有人患上阿尔茨海默病，家人患上痴呆症的几率高达惊人的 50%。通过了解这方面的基因风险，在未来，无论是通过早期疗育、改变生活方式或制定个性化治疗策略，您将有更充分的准备面对未来。 

通过HelloDNA的基因检测了解您的基因是否携带以下疾病的风险：

i. 阿尔茨海默病

ii. 天使综合征

iii. 躁郁症

iv. 脑部动脉瘤

v. 儿童癫痫

vi. 脑震荡

vii. 抑郁症

viii. 癫痫

ix. 家族性自主神经功能障碍（赖利-戴综合征）

x. 脑膜炎球菌病

xi. 偏头痛

xii. 脑内铁沉积性神经退行性病

xiii. 帕金森病

xiv. RAS信号通路相关综合征

xv. 中风

xvi. 结节性硬化症

肌肉、骨骼和关节

除了您的生活方式与习惯，您的基因也可能带有肌肉、谷歌和关节方面的风险。

ACTN3这个基因已被证明会影响一个人的力量和肌肉大小。该基因编码 α-actinin-3，是一种在快肌纤维中的蛋白质，可以让肌肉快速收缩。对于举重和短跑等需要力量的运动来说，是必不可少的。

与普通人相比，上述提及的领域里的许多运动员被发现具有该基因的实际功能。拥有 ACTN3 基因可以让你在健美和力量锻炼方面比他人更有优势。

通过了解您的基因风险，您将可确认、改善或避免这些病症。您也会更留意您的动作和姿势，改变您的饮食和生活方式。

通过HelloDNA的基因检测，了解您的DNA是否带有以下这些风险：

i. 跟腱病

ii. 强直性脊柱炎

iii. 背部疼痛

iv. 腓骨肌萎缩症

v. 痛风

vi. 幼年特发性关节炎

vii. 先天性肌强直

viii. 骨关节炎

ix. 骨质疏松症

x. 类风湿性关节炎

xi. 脊柱侧凸

肾脏、肝脏和肠道健康

这些人体主要部份负责消化、吸收和处理我们吃进肚子的食物。肝脏负责处理血液和分解其中的化学物质和药物，为人体提供均衡的营养。肾脏清除血液中的毒素，以尿液的形式排出多余的物质和液体。

肠道负责消化食物，吸收养分和水分，以粪便的形式排出排泄物。

一个人的基因、年龄、性别，原本还有的慢性病和服用的药物都可能影响其患上肾脏、肝脏和肠道疾病的风险。在美国，每 300 名非西班牙裔白人中就有一名患有遗传性血色素沉着症，这种疾病会导致人体从食物中吸收过多的铁。肝脏、心脏和胰腺中铁含量过多可能会导致这些主要器官出现危及生命的状况。据统计，9% 患有遗传性血色素沉着症的男患者会发展成严重的肝病。

通过HelloDNA的检测，探索您在这一方面的基因风险：

i. 乳糜泻

ii. 慢性肾病

iii. 克罗恩病

iv. 胆结石

v. 非酒精性脂肪肝病

vi. 溃疡性结肠炎

学习与发展

注意力缺陷多动障碍、强迫症、失读症等等。这些名词在过去二十年逐渐在校园与社会中广为人知。从前，拥有这些发展和学习障碍的人被视为迟钝、不善交际，甚至是古怪。相比过去，人们对这些疾患有更深入的了解，全体意识已提高

人类之所以与其他物种不同，是因为我们有学习的能力，而每个人有不同的学习能力。处理信息及学习的能力可以决定一个人的成就。

学习与发展障碍会影响这些能力。这包括某些阻碍健康发展的病症。

父母可能会把导致学习和发展障碍的基因传给孩子。如果孩子的家人有多动障碍病史，就会增加他患上这种疾病的风险，因为研究发现通常患有多动障碍的孩子的父母、兄弟姐妹或近亲都患有多动障碍。此外，根据美国国立卫生研究院的数据显示，至少有三分之一患有多动障碍的男性会生下患有这种疾病的孩子。

好消息是这类病症可通过越早越好的教育和特定的育儿方式改善。在这一方面，时机就是一切。因此，我们因尽早确认这些疾病，并采取必要的措施，以让孩子能过正常的生活。

HelloDNA的基因检测让您了解以下各方面：

i. 注意缺陷与多动障碍

ii. 阅读障碍症

iii. 强迫症

iv. 言语发展

v. 长牙

vi. 抽动秽语综合征

心脏与循环系统健康

循环系统由三个互相依存的部份组成，即心血管部份（心脏）肺和系统性部份（动脉、静脉、冠状动脉和门静脉）。这三个部分合作把血液、氧气、养分和激素运送至细胞，同时将二氧化碳等的物质由细胞和器官排出。

心脏对人体健康至关重要。一生中，一个人的心脏平均跳动十亿次，将介于4.5公升和5.5公升的血液输送至人体各处。通过动脉，血液从心脏被运送至各处，再由静脉将含氧量较低的血液送回心脏。

一个人的基因影响他/她患上心脏病或高血压的病症的可能性，因为心脏的各方面由我们的基因主导，这包括您的细胞沟通的能力和您的血管是否足够强韧。

根据哈灵顿心脏和血管研究所的心血管遗传学中心主任、心脏电生理学家 Judith Mackall博士的说法，心脏肌肉和电系统的结构可能会受到遗传基因突变的影响，从而导致心力衰竭和心律异常的症状，甚至猝死。

遗传变异，加上不健康的习惯与饮食，会提高您换上以上这些病症的可能性。

通过HelloDNA检测您的基因有助于您了解一下这些的隐藏风险。

i. 腹主动脉瘤

ii. 长QT综合征

iii. 致心律失常性右心室发育不良

iv. 心房颤动

v. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病

vi. 冠状动脉疾病

vii. 深静脉血栓形成与肺栓塞

viii. 扩张型心肌病

ix. 高血压

x. 肥厚型心肌病

xi. 侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病

xii. 川崎病

xiii. 代谢综合征

xiv. 外周动脉疾病

xv. 限制性心肌病

xvi. 盐敏感性高血压

xvii. 系统性红斑狼疮

xviii. 运动性心脏骤停

携带状况与家庭计划

开始一个家庭令人振奋之余，也是重要的责任。身为父母，我们自然希望孩子可以超越我们，比我们更健康、更成功和更快乐，同时可以免受我们年轻时候遇到的挣扎和困境。

您是否觉得这不可能？如果你做足功课，这并非做不到。其中一个方法就是通过基因检测了解可能遗传给下一代的健康风险。

这是至关重要的一点，因为研究显示如果一个人与其伴侣携带常染色体隐性遗传病，他们的孩子就有四分之一的机率会遗传到这种疾病，也就是一对基因中的两个基因都异常的情况。不然，孩子就有 50% 的机率成为携带者（只有一个异常基因），并将风险遗传给后代。

通过分析自身和另一半的DNA，我们可以知道：

• 您的下一代是否容易患上一系列疾病

这包括癌症、致命性病症或发展障碍。

• 您的下一代是否会有某种过敏

您的孩子是否会对鸡蛋、花生、花粉、尘螨等等有过敏反应。他/她是否会有乳糖不耐或麸质不耐症。

• 如何避免未来可能发生的问题，甚至是令人心碎的可能性

通过确认或排除这些风险，您将会感到安心，并能探索家庭计划的各种选项。

癌症

癌症的可怕无人不晓。世界卫生组织的数据显示去年在全球因癌症死亡的的人数高达一千万。

癌症是当某些细胞无法正常生长，然后该过程扩散至身体其它部分。一些癌症带有遗传因素。比如58%的黑色素瘤（一种皮肤癌）、57%的前列腺癌、39%的卵巢癌和31%的乳癌患者都有基因的原因。

我们可以通过改变环境与生活方式，减低某些基因风险。这包括戒烟、戒加工食品、定期做健康检查及施打疫苗（例如人类乳头瘤病毒）。

因此我们应该了解自身不同癌症方面的基因风险，并采取措施减低或消除这些风险。如此以来，我们可以延长寿命。

我们提供许多种癌症的深入报告：

i. 急性淋巴细胞白血病

ii. 基底细胞癌

iii. 膀胱癌

iv. 宫颈癌（女性）

v. 宫颈癌（男性）

vi. 软骨肉瘤

vii. 慢性淋巴细胞白血病

viii. 子宫内膜癌（女性）

ix. 子宫内膜癌（男性）

x. 食管癌

xi. 胆囊癌

xii. 胃肠道间质瘤

xiii. 胶质瘤发展（脑肿瘤）

xiv. 肝细胞癌（肝癌）

xv. 霍奇金淋巴瘤

xvi. 肾癌

xvii. 喉癌

xviii. 肺癌

xix. 黑色素瘤

xx. 脑膜瘤

xxi. 多发性骨髓瘤

xxii. 鼻咽癌

xxiii. 非霍奇金淋巴瘤

xxiv. 口腔癌和咽部癌

xxv. 骨肉瘤

xxvi. 胰腺癌

xxvii. 甲状旁腺癌

xxviii. 嗜铬细胞瘤

xxix. 垂体腺瘤

xxx. 视网膜母细胞瘤

xxxi. 皮肤鳞状细胞癌

xxxii. 胃癌

xxxiii. 睾丸生殖细胞瘤（女性）

xxxiv. 睾丸生殖细胞瘤（男性）

xxxv. 甲状腺癌

过敏和敏感 – 环境

当一个人的免疫系统对一些原本于人体无害的外来物质高度敏感时，就会产生过敏。过敏原可以是食物、毛发、花粉和尘埃。过敏可以变得严重，甚至有生命危险。

介于10%和30%的人口有过敏的状况。此数据一直在增长。环境过敏的原因可以是空气污染、猫咪、尘螨、花粉，甚至是压力。这些会导致一系列的病症，包括呼吸道感染、心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、中风，甚至是肺癌。

我们不可不知的是某些过敏，如过敏性鼻炎和尘螨过敏，都是遗传病。HelloDNA的检测可让您从基因角度了解以下这些情况。

i. 空气污染敏感性

ii. 对猫类过敏

iii. 尘螨过敏

iv. 接触性皮炎

v. 花粉热

vi. 组胺不耐症

vii. 压力敏感性

过敏和敏感 – 饮食

食物不止是果腹那么简单。食物可以字样我们的身体，是我们更健康和强壮。最主要的不止是知道应该吃什么，而是我们不应该吃什么。我们每一个人独一无二得DNA导致某些人可能对某种食物过敏。不经意食用了这些食物的后果是不堪设想的。

如全基因组关联分析显示，超过十种基因与不同的过敏有关。同时，双生子研究也显示大约 80% 的食物过敏风险是会遗传的。

HelloDNA的基因检测可以让您知道：

•  您在食物方面的过敏

这能让您了解您是否对包含鸡蛋、花生、咖啡因、乳糖和酒精的食物过敏。

• 您对某些口味的敏感度

某些基因可能会让一些人比他人对某些口味，比如苦味、咸味及甜味，更为敏感。

• 在日常饮食可采取的行动

这些数据可帮助您决定每日三餐所需，减轻风险，达到最佳的健康与营养效果。

过敏和敏感 – 哮喘和湿疹

过敏性鼻炎是当免疫系统对某种过敏原产生过度反应，所导致的鼻炎。症状包括打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻子痒、鼻子堵塞、喉咙痒、咳嗽及眼睛流泪。五个人中就有一人有过敏性鼻炎，任何年龄皆有机会患上。小孩比成人更容易患上此鼻炎。

哮喘是气道受到外界刺激，比如灰尘或压力，又或者是遗传易感性等因素的影响下，变得狭窄和发炎。这将产生过量粘液，导致呼吸困难和血氧饱和度下降。严重时会有生命危险。

疾病控制预防中心的一份报告显示，如果父母患有哮喘，孩子患上哮喘的可能性高出常人多达三到六倍。

异位性皮肤炎是常见得湿疹，导致皮肤发痒，手脚和关节间有红色斑块。若您持续搔痒，会导致皮肤发炎流脓，产生不适感，并影响睡眠。

以上三种病症有一个共同点。遗传是这些病症得其中一个主要风险因子。请务必了解您的家族是否有这方面的病史，以及是否有可能影响您的下一代。

美学与美容 – 肌肤

您是否晓得皮肤是人体最大的器官。皮肤覆盖并保护我们全身，为外界有害的污垢、微生物、异物、毒素、辐射和污染物。除此之外，它保护我们的器官、系统、骨头、肌肉和体液。它的作用也包括调节体温、提供触感和进行排泄和分泌。

我们或许在成长过程中都曾经想过这个问题：“为何有些人轻轻松松就能拥有完美肌肤，而我似乎永远找不到适合我的护肤品？” 类似这样的疑问令人懊恼，并有可能导致我们自信不足。这些都有科学解答。这和我们的基因有关。基因影响一个人的肌肤外表和健康。基因所扮演的角色在四个领域尤其重要，那就是肌肤老化、肌肤弹性、肌肤外表和健康，以及对紫外线的敏感度。

5% 到 10% 的黑色素瘤（一种皮肤癌）病例可能以常染色体显性遗传的方式遗传给下一代。这意味着携带风险的基因位于有编号的染色体之一。一个单独的突变就能引起这种疾病。

HelloDNA的基因检测让您了解一下各方面：

i. 痤疮风险

ii. 体味（狐臭）

iii. 脂肪团

iv. 胶原蛋白完整性

v. 胶原蛋白形成

vi. 皮肤干燥（干燥症和鱼鳞病）

vii. 雀斑

viii. 泛发性银屑病

ix. 糖基化保护

x. 瘢痕疙瘩风险

xi. 黑色素与色素沉着

xii. 皱纹产生过早

xiii. 皮肤年龄

xiv. 皮肤屏障

xv. 皮肤瘀伤倾向

xvi. 皮肤弹性

xvii. 亮肤能力

xviii. 皮肤光老化风险

xix. 皮肤扩张纹

xx. 晒斑

xxi. 晒斑

xxii. 静脉曲张

美学与美容 – 头发

头发是我们外貌极其重要的一部分。各种各样的发色（黑色、褐色、金色、白色或灰色以及红色）、曲直以及发质，让我们每一个人的样子独一无二。

除了是外貌的重要部份，头发可以保暖，并保护我们的头皮免于直接曝晒在有害的紫外线，在某种程度上甚至可以保护我们的头骨。同样的，我们全身的毛发可以保暖并保护我们的皮肤。

一个人的基因决定其发质、发量及质地，也会影响长期的头发生长，以及是否有可能提早有白发或秃头等等。

科学家们发现秃头与X染色体里的雄激素受体基因之间存在着密切的关联。一项针对 12,806 名欧洲男性的研究显示，携带该基因的人患上男性型秃发的风险比没有该基因的人多达两倍。

HelloDNA的基因检测让您了解以下各方面：

i. 体毛

ii. 发量感/充盈感

iii. 头发干燥/脆弱

iv. 头发变白

v. 头发类型

vi. 头发厚度

vii. 头发稀疏

viii. 男性型秃发

ix. 连心眉

美学与美容 – 眼睛健康

灵魂之窗这一说法足以说明眼睛对我们的重要性。人体所接收的有关周遭环境的资讯，多达80%都是通过眼睛取得。我们的视觉是极其复杂的系统，把神经元连接在一起。这些神经元负责理解外界的资讯，并把这些资讯以视觉影像的形式传达到大脑。加上其它感官，例如听觉和嗅觉，视觉让我们可以感知我们身处的世界。

60%以上的婴儿失明病例都属于遗传性疾病。其中包括先天性白内障、先天性青光眼、视网膜变性、视神经萎缩和眼睛畸形。在某些类型的斜视病例（俗称斗鸡眼），40%被证实是家族遗传疾病。科学家们正在研究导致这种情况的基因。

如果我们的视觉受损，这将严重影响我们的生活品质以及外貌。

对于一个人是否可能患上青光眼或高度近视等眼疾，我们可从其家族史获知一二。所以，我们应该通过基因检测了解自己的家族中是否有此类病史。

  1. 青光眼
  2. 病理性近视
  3. 视力退化

患上疾病的几率

我们将帮您分析患上某些疾病的几率。这包括癌症、心脏病，病毒，包括造成2019冠状病毒病的严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2型。除了现有的病况以及和健康有关的行为，一个人的基因也能影响他/她是否容易患上2019冠状病毒病，以及换上该疾病后的严重程度。

在癌症方面，遗传变异（有父母传给孩子的遗传标记）的影响甚大。以下是有关家族遗传疾病的数据

  • 黑色素瘤（一种严重的皮肤癌）高达58%
  • 前列腺癌高达57%
  • 卵巢癌高达39%
  • 乳癌高达31%

通过了解这些可能影响您的健康的遗传因素，您可通过改善饮食和行为，或根据您的一生的建议，仰赖药物和介入治疗，降低这些基因风险。

生育计划

开始一个家庭令人振奋之余，也是重要的责任。身为父母，我们自然希望孩子可以超越我们，比我们更健康、更成功和更快乐，同时可以免受我们年轻时候遇到的挣扎和困境。

您是否觉得这不可能？如果你做足功课，这并非做不到。其中一个方法就是通过基因检测了解可能遗传给下一代的健康风险。

通过分析自身和另一半的DNA，我们可以知道：

  • 您的下一代是否容易患上一系列疾病

这包括癌症、致命性病症或发展障碍。

  • 您的下一代是否会有某种过敏

您的孩子是否会对鸡蛋、花生、花粉、尘螨等等有过敏反应。他/她是否会有乳糖不耐或麸质不耐症。

  • 如何避免未来可能发生的问题，甚至是令人心碎的可能性

通过确认或排除这些风险，您将会感到安心，并能探索家庭计划的各种选项。

食物过敏

食物不止是果腹那么简单。食物可以字样我们的身体，是我们更健康和强壮。最主要的不止是知道应该吃什么，而是我们不应该吃什么。我们每一个人独一无二得DNA导致某些人可能对某种食物过敏。不经意食用了这些食物的后果是不堪设想的。

HelloDNA的基因检测可以让您知道：

  • 您在食物方面的过敏

这能让您了解您是否对包含鸡蛋、花生、咖啡因、乳糖和酒精的食物过敏。

  • 您对某些口味的敏感度

某些基因可能会让一些人比他人对某些口味，比如苦味、咸味及甜味，更为敏感。

  • 在日常饮食可采取的行动

这些数据可帮助您决定每日三餐所需，减轻风险，达到最佳的健康与营养效果。

药物反应

同一种药物的效果因人而异，可能对某些人有效，也可能让某些人产生不良反应。因此，您务必了解自己对常见药物的敏感性，以避免不幸事件。

为何一些人可能对某种药物产生不同的反应？我们基因其中一个功能时储存制造如酶等蛋白质的指示。这些酶负责分解体内的药物，分解和清楚药物的速度因人而异，这导致不一样的效果。

通过HelloDNA的基因检测，您可知晓：

  • 您是否可能对处方药物有不良反应。我们将分析您的基因，让您知道您是否对一系列适用于不同疾病的药物过敏。
  • 更为安全的替代药物

医生可通过这些资讯，向您建议最安全和最有效的药物及剂量。

预防胜于治疗

事实上，某些疾病，不管多致命，都可被避免。有时我们可以通过基因检测就能确认您是否带有某些疾病的风险。

好莱坞明星安吉丽娜·朱莉的DNA带有BRCA基因突变，使她罹患乳癌和卵巢癌的风险高达87%和50%。因此她进行了双乳切除手术，以预防乳腺癌和卵巢癌。

通过了解您的基因，您在医药上将有更多选择，可以调节或消除未来的健康风险。

HelloDNA的基因检测可让您知晓：

  • 您的基因所携带的风险

确认您的基因是否携带某些严重疾病的风险。我们会分析您是否有患上这些疾病的可能性。

  • 专业的意见和说明

我们专业尽责的医药团队将针对每一个风险和有关的基因提供详细的解释，并引导您如何降低或消除这些风险。

  • 个性化医疗保健

您可提早实施个性化医疗保健，改善并延长您的寿命。

Disease Susceptibility

We will let you know how susceptible you are to certain diseases, cancers, heart conditions and viruses, including the latest SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. Apart from one’s pre-existing medical conditions and health-related behaviors, one’s genetic information partially determines his or her susceptibility to COVID-19 and the severity of an infection.

For cancers, hereditary gene mutations (genetic markers passed down from parents to children) play a major role. Below are the statistics of the diseases that are linked to family inheritance.

  • 58% for melanoma (a serious type of skin cancer)
  • 57% for prostate cancer
  • 39% for ovarian cancer
  • 31% for breast cancer

Understanding the genetic factors that can potentially affect your health can help you to mitigate the genetic risks for disease via changes to your diet, medication, behavior, and other interventions that are recommended by your medical practitioner.

Birth Planning

While it’s exciting to start a family, it is also a huge responsibility to take on. As parents, we naturally want our children to be better versions of ourselves. We hope they can be healthier, more successful and happier than us, while free of the struggles and predicaments we experienced in our younger years.

Does it seem almost impossible? Not if you’ve done your due diligence, which should include a genetic screening test to determine the health risks that might be passed down to your future generation.

Through the analysis of the DNA of both yourself and your other-half, we could find out:

  • Whether your future generation is susceptible to a range of diseases

These include cancers, life-threatening conditions and developmental disorders.

  • Whether your future generation is likely to have certain sensitivities

Will your child have reactions to eggs, peanuts, pollen, dust mite and so on? Will he or she have lactose or gluten intolerance?

  • How to avoid future complications and even heartaches

Identifying or ruling out these risks will not only give you a peace of mind, but enables you to explore your options in family planning.

Food Sensitivity

Foods are not just to fill the tummy. It’s to nourish our bodies, making us stronger and healthier. The important thing is not just knowing what to eat, but also what not to eat. Due to the unique DNA in each of us, some of us might be allergic or sensitive to certain kinds of food. Consuming these foods by accident might result in a disastrous outcome.

HelloDNA’s genetic screening test allows you to know

  • Your Food Sensitivity

Identify your sensitivity towards foods containing eggs, peanuts, caffeine, gluten, lactose and alcohol.

  • Your sensitivity to certain tastes

Certain genes might elevate a taste in different individuals compared to the rest, making the individual more sensitive to bitter taste, saltiness or sweetness.  

  • What actions to take when it comes to daily food intake

This data can help you to decide the required intake for different foods in your daily diet, mitigating possible risks while achieving optimum nutrients and health benefits.

Drug Sensitivity

The same medication might not work for everyone. While it may work for some people, some might develop an adverse reaction to it. Hence, it’s important to know your sensitivity to different commonly used medications to prevent any untoward incident.

What is the reason of the different reaction to the same drug in different people? One of the functions of our genes’ is to store instructions designed to build proteins, including enzymes. The enzymes are responsible for breaking down a medication in the body. The speed of breaking down and clearing the medication may vary for certain individuals. This affects the effectiveness of a medicine.

HelloDNA’s genetic screening test allows you to know:

  • Whether you have possible adverse reactions towards prescription medication. We will test your genes to find out about your possible adverse reactions to a range of medication used for numerous medical conditions.
  • Safer alternatives

The data will allow medical practitioners to propose the safest and most effective medications, as well as the right dosages, for you.

Health Prevention

Here’s a fact. Certain diseases, no matter how deadly they are, are preventable. Before they occur, some diseases can be easily identified by doing a simple genetic screening test.

Hollywood superstar Angelina Jolie famously underwent a preventive double mastectomy to reduce her chances of getting breast cancer, as she carried a mutation of the BRCA1 gene, which significantly increased her risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

Understanding your genes give you more freedom in exploring the various medical options available out there to regulate or eliminate future health risks.

HelloDNA’s genetic test allows you to know:

  • The risks carried by your genes

Identify the specific genes that carry risks for certain serious diseases and conditions. Analyze and understand your likelihood of inheriting these diseases.

  • Professional advice and explanation

Our team of dedicated, professional medical officers is available to offer insightful explanation regarding each risk and the gene that is associated with it. They will also guide you on how to reduce/eliminate these risks.

  • Personalized healthcare

Knowing your genetic risks can help you to practice personalized healthcare early in life, which can help to improve and prolong your overall life.

Drug Sensitivity

The same medication might not work for everyone. While it may work for some people, some might develop an adverse reaction to it. Hence, it’s important to know your sensitivity to different commonly used medications to prevent any untoward incident.

What is the reason of the different reaction to the same drug in different people? One of the functions of our genes’ is to store instructions designed to build proteins, including enzymes. The enzymes are responsible for breaking down a medication in the body. The speed of breaking down and clearing the medication may vary for certain individuals. This affects the effectiveness of a medicine.

HelloDNA’s genetic screening test allows you to know:

• Whether you have possible adverse reactions towards prescription medication. We will test your genes to find out about your possible adverse reactions to a range of medication used for numerous medical conditions.

• Safer alternatives

The data will allow medical practitioners to propose the safest and most effective medications, as well as the right dosages, for you.

Immune Health

The immune system works as your army protecting you from viruses, bacteria and other harmful substances. It is influenced by genetic factors and non-genetic factors. The former results in different immune response between people. Good news is genetic risks that contribute to a poor immune system can be reduced by one adjusting the non-genetic factors, such as diet, environment and stress.

A combination of genetic and non-genetic factors sees people being affected by the latest outbreak, COVID-19, in varying degrees. Some patients are asymptomatic, while some require hospitalisation and have even succumbed to it.

Genetic differences have an impact on individuals’ susceptibility and severe reactions to COVID-19. Depending on the risk alleles you have, you could be more susceptible to COVID-19 or more vulnerable to severe reactions.

Cancer Plus

Here’s a fact. Certain cancers, no matter how deadly they are, are preventable. Before they occur, some cancers can be easily identified by doing a simple genetic screening test.

Hollywood superstar Angelina Jolie famously underwent a preventive double mastectomy to reduce her chances of getting breast cancer, as she carried a mutation of the BRCA1 gene, which significantly increased her risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

Understanding your genes give you more freedom in exploring the various medical options available out there to regulate or eliminate future health risks.

HelloDNA’s genetic test allows you to know:

• The risks carried by your genes

Identify the specific genes that carry risks for certain serious diseases and conditions. Analyze and understand your likelihood of inheriting these diseases.

• Professional advice and explanation

Our team of dedicated, professional medical officers is available to offer insightful explanation regarding each risk and the gene that is associated with it. They will also guide you on how to reduce/eliminate these risks.

• Personalized healthcare

Knowing your genetic risks can help you to practice personalized healthcare early in life, which can help to improve and prolong your overall life.

Wellness & Nutrition – Wellbeing

We are unable to stop biological deterioration, nor remove certain unwanted traits that are programmed in our DNA, but we can rely on science to slow it down and improve our lives in overall.

Learn more about your unique DNA makeup that determines your ageing process, inflammatory response and obesity risks. With the knowledge, we will join you in crafting your own journey in health, mitigating risks, preventing diseases and improving your wellbeing in general.

HelloDNA’s genetic testing offers insightful reports on these aspects of wellbeing:

  1. Inflammatory Response
  2. Longevity
  3. Obesity
  4. Obesity (Childhood Onset)

Wellness & Nutrition - Nutrient Needs

It is important to eat healthy, but it is even more important to eat right. Due to each individual’s different DNA profile, all of us have varying nutritional needs and ability to absorb these nutrients.  

Getting your very own genetic nutrition profile enables you to understand and meet your everyday needs for different nutrients, vitamins and minerals. With the information, you can work with a nutritionist to come up with a balanced diet to make up for your nutritional deficiencies and monitor your essential nutrient levels.

HelloDNA’s genetic testing offers insightful reports on 16 types of nutrients:

  1. Adiponectin
  2. Antioxidants
  3. Calcium
  4. Carotene
  5. CoEnzyme Q10
  6. Folate-Folic Acid
  7. Iron
  8. Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids
  9. Selenium
  10. Vitamin A
  11. Vitamin B12
  12. Vitamin B2
  13. Vitamin B6
  14. Vitamin C
  15. Vitamin D
  16. Vitamin E

Wellness & Nutrition – Metabolism

Metabolism sees the body converting foods into energy to be transported in cells, breaking down carbohydrates, proteins and fats, as well as removing metabolic waste.

How our body metabolises substances like carbohydrates determines the risks of one having high blood sugar levels. Poor carbohydrate metabolism has a link to increased risks for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Find out about your genetic risks in the following conditions through HelloDNA’s genetic testing.

  1. Carbohydrate
  2. Detoxification Capacity
  3. Homocysteine Metabolism
  4. Steroid Hormones

Wellness & Nutrition – Lipids

While one’s lifestyle and diet increase his or her risks of having lipid conditions, very rarely, it can be driven by a genetic factor, too.

We are talking about familial lipid disorders, genetic conditions that cause very high levels of cholesterol, despite the patients’ young age and normal diet and lifestyle. This in turn leads to coronary artery diseases.

Here are the statistics to give you a better idea. One in every 200 to 500 people have inherited high cholesterol from their families (familial hypercholesterolemia). Anyone with one of the 1,500 gene variations that cause the condition has a staggering 50% chance of passing the gene to his or her child.

Find out about your genetic risks in the following lipid disorders with HelloDNA’s screening.

  1. Dyslipidemia
  2. Fat Sensitivity
  3. HDL Cholesterol
  4. Hypertriglyceridemia
  5. LDL Cholesterol
  6. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
  7. Total Cholesterol

Wellness & Nutrition – Endocrine

The endocrine system makes different hormones and transports them to various parts of the body through blood. These hormones regulate all biological processes in one’s lifespan, including growth, metabolism, development, reproduction and blood sugar levels.

Find out about your genetic risks in the following endocrine-related diseases through HelloDNA’s genetic screening.

  1. Gestational Diabetes
  2. Graves’ Disease (Hyperthyroidism)
  3. High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycaemia)
  4. Hypothyroidism · Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  5. (PCOS)
  6. Type 1 Diabetes
  7. Type 2 Diabetes

Sports & Fitness

As much as we hope for it, there’s no so-called the best fitness regime that works for everyone. With the same training routine, people might achieve different levels of success and this has much to do with the individual’s body type, strength and athletic prowess, which are partially determined by our genes.

That means those who have a genetic gift tend to respond better to a certain type of training. Even if you have less genetic potential, a genetic test done on the following aspects will give you a clearer idea on how to reach your fitness goals more effectively, instead of working out blindly while achieving little success. It can also make you more aware of the type of injuries that you’re prone to have.

  1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Rupture
  2. Endurance Sports Performance
  3. Energy Utilization
  4. Power Sports Performance
  5. Soft Tissue Injury
  6. VO2 Max

Personality - Social Traits

Why are some people extroverts and some introverts? Why are some optimists and some pessimists? Part of the answers lie in one’s genetic predisposition, as it is suggested in studies that 25% of one’s optimism is determined by genetics.

Is it a case of nature over nurture then? Not really. While genetics decide your social traits, they don’t define you. You are what you think. External factors like environment and culture can shape one’s personal traits.  Positive social qualities like empathy, positivity, helpfulness and sociability can be picked up and strengthened.  

Learning your genetic traits will help you to address your social weaknesses and make positive changes, build social connections and generally, be happier and in turn, more successful.

Learn more about your inclination in the following through HelloDNA’s genetic screening:

  1. Extroversion
  2. Optimism and Empathy
  3. Positive Affectivity

Personality - Sleep

Sleep is an important human activity which takes up a third of a day’s time, allowing functions like recovery, learning, memorisation, metabolism and immunity to take place in the brain and body.

One’s sleep quality, depth and duration have direct links to his or her health, quality of life, work performance and emotional wellbeing. Short sleep duration is found to be associated with mortality risk, as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer and depression.

Study your genetic profile today to understand your sleep pattern and make the necessary choices about sleep environments and habits to improve it. HelloDNA’s genetic testing covers the following:

  1. Insomnia
  2. Morning Person
  3. Sleep Depth
  4. Sleep Duration
  5. Sleep Latency
  6. Sleep Quality

Personality - Creativity Traits

No more beating yourself up over your inability to hit a certain note, dance like a pro or write like

J. K. Rowling. Your genetic profile may answer the question of whether you have the flair and if you do, give you a necessary boost of confidence when you think you are not good enough. Moreover, it might even reveal other gifts that you don’t even know exist in you.

It’s scientifically and recently proven that on average, 30% of a musician’s creativity in composing and playing music is thanks to his or her genes. Get a clearer idea on your creative side today by taking HelloDNA’s genetic test, which covere these creativity traits:

  1. Absolute Pitch
  2. Musical Creativity
  3. General Creativity

Personality - Cognitive Traits

This aspect of personality concerns an individual’s intelligence, his or her ability to memorise, learn, reason, process knowledge and master a language.

Instead of relying on trial and error, experiences and even intuition to find your strong suits, why not rely on science? Study your genetic predisposition to identify your greatest strengths, hidden talent and unleash your full potential.  

Take HelloDNA’s genetic screening today and learn about your cognitive traits in the following:

  1. Ability To Memorize
  2. Emotional Quotient (EQ)
  3. General Cognitive Ability
  4. Information Processing Power
  5. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
  6. Learning Ability
  7. Language Ability
  8. Memory Skills
  9. Reading and Spelling
  10. Verbal and Numerical Reasoning

Personality - Behavioural Traits

Derived from “persona”, the Latin word for a performer’s theatrical mask, a personality refers to a set of characteristics or qualities that defines an individual.

It’s about how he or she thinks, feels and behaves, which makes each and every human unique. It has a direct link to one’s physical, emotional and social wellbeing.

A little-known fact is that certain conditions that exist in an individual may be caused by his or her behavioural traits. For example, one’s addictive personality may cause him or her to have a food addiction, which in turn leads to obesity or cardiovascular disease. At the same time, those who seek instant gratification are at risk of substance abuse.

While behaviours can be shaped, genetics has a major influence, with scientists estimating that between 20% and 60% of temperament is determined by genetics.  For instance, scientists find association of instant gratification with a variation along the GPM6B gene. In a separate study,  genetic variations in MC4R cause a “loss of function” in the gene, causing the person to feel hungry despite having enough food.

Take a deeper look into your personality by taking HelloDNA’s genetic screening, which covers the following:

  1. Ability To Handle Stress
  2. Addictive Personality
  3. Appetite Regulation
  4. Food Addiction
  5. Harm Avoidance Behaviour
  6. Instant Gratification
  7. Motion Sickness
  8. Pain Tolerance
  9. Restless Legs Syndrome
  10. Reward Dependence
  11. Sensitive Personality
  12. Sweet Tooth

Neuro Health

Neuro health concerns the condition of your brain, the nerves in your body and the spinal cord. Neurological disorders are caused by structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in these parts. These abnormalities can be hereditary or caused by environmental or lifestyle factors.

The affected parts of the nervous system and the severity determine how one’s communication, vision, hearing, movement and cognition are affected.

Knowing one’s genetic risks in this aspect is important in helping him or her to be prepared for the future, whether to reduce or delay the condition through early intervention, lifestyle changes or personalised treatment strategies.

Find out through HelloDNA’s genetic screening to see if your DNA carries risks for the following neurological conditions:

  1. Alzheimer’s Disease
  2. Angelman Syndrome
  3. Bipolar Disorder
  4. Brain Aneurysm
  5. Childhood Epilepsy
  6. Concussion
  7. Depression
  8. Epilepsy
  9. Familial Dysautonomia (Riley-Day Syndrome)
  10. Meningococcal Disease
  11. Migraine Headache
  12. Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation
  13. Parkinson’s Disease
  14. RASopathies
  15. Stroke
  16. Tuberous Sclerosis

Muscles, Bones & Joints

Apart from lifestyle and habits, your genes might carry risks relating to certain conditions that affect your muscles, bones and joints.  

Understanding your genetic risks will help you to identify, improve or prevent these conditions. You will pay more attention to your movements and posture, on top of changing your diet and lifestyle.

Find out through HelloDNA’s genetic screening to see if your DNA carries risks for the following conditions:

  1. Achilles Tendinopathy
  2. Ankylosing Spondylitis
  3. Back Pain
  4. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
  5. Gout
  6. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
  7. Myotonia Congenita
  8. Osteoarthritis
  9. Osteoporosis
  10. Rheumatoid Arthritis
  11. Scoliosis

Liver, Kidney & Gut Health

These are major components in a human’s body to digest, absorb and process the food he or she takes.

The liver processes blood and breaks down the chemicals and drugs within, creating a balanced level of nutrients for the body. The kidney removes the toxins from blood and disposes of waste and extra fluids in the form of urine.

The intestines help to digest the food that we take, which means they absorb the nutrients and water, forming stool to remove the waste from the body.

One’s genetic background, coupled with age, gender, obesity, diet, underlying conditions and medications, may affect the risks of he or she having liver, kidney and gut-related diseases.

Find out your genetic risks in the following through HelloDNA’s screening:

  1. Celiac Disease
  2. Chronic Kidney Disease
  3. Crohn’s Disease
  4. Gallstone
  5. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  6. Ulcerative Colitis

Learning & Development

ADHD. OCD. Dyslexia. These are not just the buzz words in schools and society in the last two decades. It represents people’s increasing awareness and understanding of those with these learning and development disorders, who were in the past categorised as slow, socially awkward and downright eccentric.

The ability to learn sets humans apart from other species, while varying degrees of learning ability set each individual apart. A child’s ability to process information and acquire skills determines how far he or she can go.

Learning and development disorders are conditions that can interfere with this ability. They also cover conditions that might impede an otherwise healthy development.

It is possible for parents to pass down to their children genes that might cause learning and development disorders . The good news is certain disorders can be improved through interventions in the form of education and specific parenting skills, preferably at early stages. Timing is crucial when it comes to this. That is why it is important to identify the disorder the soonest and take the appropriate measures to help the child to lead a normal life.

HelloDNA’s genetic screening test sheds light on the following:

  1. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
  2. Dyslexia
  3. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
  4. Speech Development
  5. Teething
  6. Tourette Syndrome

Heart & Circulatory Health

A human’s circulatory system consists of three inter-dependent parts, namely cardiovascular (heart), pulmonary (lungs) and systemic (arteries, veins, coronary and portal vessels). They work together to carry blood, oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells, while disposing of waste (for example, carbon dioxide) from cells and organs.

Your heart is vital to your overall health. It beats over three billion times in an average human’s life, circulating between 4.5 and 5.5 litres of blood throughout the body. Oxygen and nutrients are carried from the heart throughout the body via arteries. Meanwhile, veins deliver oxygen-depleted blood black to the heart.

One’s genetic profile influences his or her risks of having heart disease or conditions like high blood pressure. This is because every aspect of the heart is controlled by genes, ranging from how your cells communicate to how strong your blood vessels are. A genetic variation, combined with unhealthy habits and diet, can increase the possibility of you having the aforementioned diseases.

Screening your genes with HelloDNA will help you to know your underlying risks of the following.

  1. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
  2. Long QT Syndrome
  3. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
  4. Atrial Fibrillation
  5. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  6. Coronary Artery Disease
  7. Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
  8. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
  9. Hypertension
  10. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
  11. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
  12. Kawasaki Disease
  13. Metabolic Syndrome
  14. Peripheral Arterial Disease
  15. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
  16. Salt-Sensitivity High Blood Pressure
  17. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  18. Sports Induced Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Carrier Status & Family Planning

While it is exciting to start a family, it is also a huge responsibility to take on. As parents, we naturally want our children to be better versions of ourselves. We hope they can be healthier, more successful and happier than us, while free of the struggles and predicaments we experienced in our younger years.

Does it seem almost impossible? Not if you have done your due diligence, which should include a genetic screening test to determine the health risks that might be passed down to your future generation.

Through the analysis of the DNA of both yourself and your other-half, we could find out:

• Whether your future generation is susceptible to a range of diseases

These include cancers, life-threatening conditions and developmental disorders.

• Whether your future generation is likely to have certain sensitivities

Will your child have reactions to eggs, peanuts, pollen, dust mite and so on? Will he or she have lactose or gluten intolerance?

• How to avoid future complications and even heartaches

Identifying or ruling out these risks will not only give you a peace of mind, but enables you to explore your options in family planning.

Cancer

The grave impact of cancer is known to all. Last year alone, it causes nearly 10 million deaths around the world, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

Cancer occurs when certain cells fail to grow normally and the process spreads to other parts of the body. There’s a huge genetic factor in some commonly known cancers. For example, 58% of melanoma (a form of skin cancer), 57% of prostate cancer, 39% of ovarian cancer and 31% of breast cancer cases, have genetic links.

Certain genetic risks can be reduced when one changes his or her environment and lifestyle, by quitting smoking and processed foods, doing regular health screening and having vaccination (e.g., HPV).

Hence, it is important to know your genetic link to various cancers and take the necessary steps to lower or eliminate these risks. Doing this will essentially prolong your life.

We provide insightful reports of a wide range of cancers, namely:

  1. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
  2. Basal Cell Carcinoma
  3. Bladder Cancer
  4. Cervical Cancer (Female)
  5. Cervical Cancer (Male)
  6. Chondrosarcoma
  7. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
  8. Endometrial Cancer (Female)
  9. Endometrial Cancer (Male)
  10. Esophageal Cancer
  11. Gallbladder Cancer
  12. Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumor
  13. Glioma Development (Brain Tumor)
  14. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Liver Cancer)
  15. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
  16. Kidney Cancer
  17. Laryngeal Cancer
  18. Lung Cancer
  19. Melanoma
  20. Meningioma
  21. Multiple Myeloma
  22. Nasopharyngeal Cancer
  23. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
  24. Oral and Throat Cancers
  25. Osteosarcoma
  26. Pancreatic Cancer
  27. Parathyroid Cancer
  28. Pheochromocytoma
  29. Pituitary Adenoma
  30. Retinoblastoma
  31. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Skin
  32. Stomach Cancer
  33. Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor (Female)
  34. Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor (Male)
  35. Thyroid Cancer

Allergy & Sensitivity – Environmental

An allergy occurs when one’s immune system is highly sensitive to a foreign substance that is generally harmless to humans. The allergen can be in the form of food, fur, pollen, dust and more. When an allergy is triggered, it can be severe and even life-threatening.

A significant 10% to 30% of urban population have allergies and the figures are rising as we speak. Environmental allergies can be triggered by air pollution, cats, dust mites, pollen and even stress. These can lead to a plethora of conditions, including respiratory infections, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke and even lung cancer.

It is important to note that certain common allergies, such as hay fever and allergy to dust mites, are genetically inherited. HelloDNA’s test sheds lights on the genetic aspects of these conditions:

  1. Air Pollution Sensitivity
  2. Allergy To Cats
  3. Allergy To Dust Mites
  4. Contact Dermatitis
  5. Hay Fever
  6. Histamines Intolerance
  7. Stress Sensitivity

Allergy & Sensitivity – Dietary

Food is not just to fill the tummy. It is to nourish our bodies, making us stronger and healthier. The important thing is not just knowing what to eat, but also what not to eat. Due to the unique DNA in each of us, some of us might be allergic or sensitive to certain kinds of food. Consuming these foods by accident might result in a disastrous outcome.

HelloDNA’s genetic screening test allows you to know:

• Your Food Sensitivity

Identify your sensitivity towards foods containing eggs, peanuts, caffeine, gluten, lactose and alcohol.

• Your sensitivity to certain tastes

Certain genes might elevate a taste in different individuals compared to the rest, making the individual more sensitive to bitter taste, saltiness or sweetness.  

• What actions to take when it comes to daily food intake

This data can help you to decide the required intake for different foods in your daily diet, mitigating possible risks while achieving optimum nutrients and health benefits.

Allergy & Sensitivity - Asthma & Eczema

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation in the nose caused by the immune system overreacting to specific allergens. One will display symptoms like sneezing, a runny, itchy or stuffy nose, an itchy throat, coughing and watery eyes. It affects one in five people around the world and can occur at any age, with children being more susceptible to the condition than adults do.

Asthma sees the airways being narrowed and inflamed when triggered by external stimuli like dust, stress or genetic predispositions. As a result, excessive mucus is produced, causing breathing difficulty and lower blood oxygen saturation. In severe cases, it can be life-threatening.

Atopic dermatitis, a common type of eczema, causes the skin to itch and have red patches around feet, arms and big joints. Persistent scratching may cause the skin to ooze and scale. It causes discomfort and sleep disturbance.

All three aforementioned conditions have something in common, with heredity being a major risk factor. Find out whether these conditions run in your family and whether it will be passed on to your future generation.

Aesthetics & Beauty - Skin

Do you know our skin is the largest organ of the body? Covering our entire body, it is our first shield of protection from the outside world. It acts as a barrier against harmful dirt, microbes, foreign objects, toxins, radiation and pollutants, while holding in and protecting our organs, systems, bones, muscles and body fluids. On top of that, it serves important functions like regulating body temperature, providing a sense of touch, as well as performing excretion and secretion.

Growing up, many of us might have the same confusion. “Why do some people effortlessly have flawless complexion while no skincare product seems to work for me?” Such confusion can be frustrating and may even lead to low self-esteem. Thanks to science, it may be comforting to know that this has something to do with our genes. Our genes influence how our skin looks like and how healthy it is. The four areas where genetics come into play are skin ageing, skin elasticity, appearance and skin health and UV sensitivity.

HelloDNA’s genetic screening test sheds light on the following aspects:

  1. Cellulite
  2. Collagen Formation
  3. Collagen Integrity
  4. Dry Skin(Xerosis and Ichthyosis)
  5. Freckles (Ephelides)
  6. Generalized Psoriasis
  7. Glycation Protection
  8. Keloid Risk
  9. Melanin and Pigmentation
  10. Premature Wrinkles
  11. Skin Age
  12. Skin Barrier
  13. Skin Bruising Tendency
  14. Skin Elasticity
  15. Skin Lightening Ability
  16. Skin Photoaging Risk
  17. Stretch Marks
  18. Sunspots
  19. Tanning Response
  20. Varicose Veins

Aesthetics & Beauty – Hair

Hair is an important aesthetic feature that sets each of us apart, with different colours (black, brown, blond, white/gray and red), forms (curly, straight, wavy, coily) and texture (fine and coarse).

Apart from influencing your appearance, hair keeps your head warm, other than protecting your scalp (from harmful ultraviolet rays) and your skull (to a certain extent). Similarly, the hair that covers the rest of your body keeps you warm and protects your skin.

One’s genes determine his or her hair type, thickness and texture. It also affects how one’s hair grows in the long run, whether it greys or thins sooner than others, leading to baldness or premature greying.

HelloDNA’s genetic screening test sheds light on the following aspects:

  1. Body Volume
  2. Body Hair
  3. Hair Dryness / Brittleness
  4. Hair Graying
  5. Hair Thickness
  6. Hair Thinning
  7. Hair Type (Curly)
  8. Male Pattern Baldness
  9. Monobrow

Aesthetics & Beauty – Eye Health

Window to the soul. That sums up the importance of eyes in our overall being. 80% of what we perceive from our surrounding are registered through our sight. Our eye sight is a complex system connecting neurons that translate and deliver this information to the brain as visual images. Together with other senses like hearing and smelling, we make sense of the world we are in.

If our eye health is compromised, it will significantly reduce our quality of life, other than affecting our appearance.

Family history plays a role in one’s susceptibility to eye conditions like glaucoma and high myopia. Hence, it is important to study your genes to see if these eye conditions run in the family:

  1. Glaucoma
  2. Pathological Myopia (Severe Near-Sightedness)
  3. Vision Degeneration

Eunice Pui医生持有国际医药大学的内外全科医学士学位。她曾在马来西亚卫生部工作长达六年，然后在双威医疗中心担任正式医生。如今，她是马来西亚基因组学资源中心有限公司的医药事务主任。

伊蒂乌巴满玉小姐是名拥有国际资历和经验的食物营养专家和营养遗传学家。她持有理学硕士学位和预防医学的深造文凭。

她的专长是营养基因组学。这有关食物和营养如何影响一个人的基因表现，以及基因标记如何影响一个人代谢养分的能力。同时，她也提供有关预防医学管理的建议。

她的足迹遍布全球，并为不同的医疗机构和事业做出贡献。在来到马来西亚前，她曾在尼日利亚医院工作过，并曾担任新加坡红十字会的义工，也曾和印度的体重管理组织有密切的合作。

帕威·苏文斯基医生的专长在于临床和分子遗传学，同时，他在临床基因组研究、生物信息学、健康咨询学和经济方面也有丰富的经验。他持有波兰华沙医学院的医学学位、英国斯旺西大学的医务管理的硕士学位，以及纽西兰人类临床遗传学的深造文凭。

苏文斯基医生在医学界扮演不同的角色。他是马来西亚基因组学资源中心有限公司的临床遗传学家和医学生物信息学家。他的其它工作包括马来西亚国家远距医疗项目、弗若斯特沙利文的医疗保健顾问，以及在中东国家实施医院信息系统。

苏文斯基医生曾为著名媒体以及刊物发表文章，这包括《遗传学前沿》、《金融时报》、彭博新闻社、The Edge以及《新海峡时报》。他也是几份白皮书的作者，同时在不同大会探讨许多有关健康的课题，比如医药基因组学、个性化医疗和医院信息系统。

Dr. Eunice Pui graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) from the International Medical University (IMU). She served in the Ministry of Health of Malaysia for six years, before she was engaged as a Medical Officer at Sunway Medical Centre. Currently, Dr. Pui is the Head of Medical Affairs at Malaysian Genomics Resource Centre Berhad (MGRC).

Ms. Iti Upamanyu is a food and nutrition expert with synergistic qualifications and global experiences. The established nutrigeneticist holds a Master of Science and a postgraduate diploma in preventive and promotive health care.

Her expertise lies in nutrigenomics, which studies how food and nutrients affect the way a person's genes are expressed, and how genetic markers affect a person's ability to metabolize various nutrients.

She specialises in offering nutritional inputs for preventive and promotive healthcare management.

Her extensive experiences and strong inclination see her going around the world, contributing to various healthcare institutions and causes. She has served as lead dietitian in multi-specialty hospitals in Nigeria, volunteered at Red Cross, Singapore, and worked closely with weight management organisations in India, prior to moving to Malaysia.

Dr. Pawel Suwinski specialises in clinical and molecular genetics, with extensive experience in clinical genomics, bioinformatics, healthcare informatics and economics. He holds a medical degree from Warsaw Medical Academy in Poland, a master’s degree in Healthcare Management from Swansea University, UK, and postgraduate diploma in Human Clinical Genetics, New Zealand. 

With his stellar qualification, Dr. Suwinski holds multiple roles in the medical field. He’s a clinical geneticist and a medical bioinformatician in Malaysian Genomics Resource Centre Berhad (MGRC). His other work engagements include clinical practice in Malaysian National Telemedicine Project, healthcare consulting with Frost & Sullivan and implementation of Hospital Information System in the Middle East countries. 

Along his illustrious career, Dr.  Suwinski has written for renowned publications and media, such as Frontiers in Genetics, Financial Times, Bloomberg, Market Mergers, The Edge, The New Straits Times. Having authored several white papers, he has also spoken about a wide array of health-related subjects, including medical genomics, personalised medicine and hospital information technologies,  at numerous conferences.